Lung Cancer Treatment Options
Lung Cancer Treatment Options
At diagnosis, patients can be divided into 3 treatment groups based on the stage of the cancer:
Non-small cell lung cancer that can be treated with surgery.
Stage 0, stage I, and stage II non-small cell lung cancer can often be removed by surgery. Radiation therapy may be used to treat patients who have other medical problems and cannot have surgery.
Non-small cell lung cancer that has spread to nearby tissue or to lymph
nodes.Non-small cell lung cancer that has spread to nearby tissue or to lymph nodes can be treated with one of the following:
- -Radiation therapy alone.
- -Radiation therapy and chemotherapy or other kinds of treatment.
- -Surgery alone.
Non-small cell lung cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or to another lobe of the lungs.
Radiation therapy may be used as palliative therapy to shrink the cancer and to relieve pain in patients who have non-small cell lung cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy may be used to treat some patients.
Four types of standard treatment are used:
Surgery
Three types of surgery are used:
- -Wedge resection: A surgical procedure to remove a triangle-shaped slice of tissue. It may be used to remove a tumor and a small amount of normal tissue around it.
- -Lobectomy: A surgical procedure to remove a whole lobe (section) of the lung.
- -Pneumonectomy: Surgery to remove one whole lung.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal column, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer.
Radiosurgery is a method of delivering radiation directly to the tumor with little damage to healthy tissue. It does not involve surgery and may be used to treat certain tumors in patients who cannot have surgery.
The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
Laser therapy
Laser therapy is a cancer treatment that uses a laser beam (a narrow beam of intense light) to kill cancer cells.
Other types of treatment and prevention are being tested in clinical trials. These include the following:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that uses a drug and a certain type of laser light to kill cancer cells. A drug that is not active until it is exposed to light is injected into a vein. The drug collects more in cancer cells than in normal cells. Fiberoptic tubes are then used to deliver the laser light to the cancer cells, where the drug becomes active and kills the cells. Photodynamic therapy causes little damage to healthy tissue. It is used mainly to treat tumors on or just under the skin or in the lining of internal organs, such as the lungs and the esophagus.
Chemoprevention
Chemoprevention is the use of drugs, vitamins, or other substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer or to reduce the risk cancer will recur (come back).
New treatments
New combinations of treatments are being studied in clinical trials.